Advancement of Hydraulic Fracture Diagnostics in Unconventional Formations

Multistage hydraulic fracturing is a technique to extract hydrocarbon from tight and unconventional reservoirs. Although big advancements occurred in this field, understanding of the created fractures location, size, complexity, proppant distribution its infancy. This study provides recent advances methods techniques used diagnose formations. These include tracer flowback analysis, fiber optics such as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) acoustic (DAS), tiltmeters, microseismic monitoring, diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT). are estimate length, height, width, azimuth, cluster efficiency, spacing between laterals, distribution. Each has advantages limitations, while integrating more than one diagnostics might result synergies, leading informative description. DFIT analysis critical subjected interpreter’s process formation properties. Hence, applications machine learning were discussed. The current presents an extensive review comparison different multistage methods, their applicability provided. limitations each highlighted, possible areas future research suggested.